finance mandarin case study preview
Pinduoduo: Growth Dilemma

的

de

of

of; ’s ; (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)

ˇ ˋ

百亿

bǎi yì

billions

ˇ ˉ

补贴

bǔ tiē

to subsidize

to subsidize; subsidy; allowance

ˋ ˋ

策略

cè lüè

tactics

tactics; tactics; to be tactful

ˉ

虽

suī

although

although; even though

ˉ ˇ

吸引

xī yǐn

to attract (interest, investment etc)

to attract (interest, investment etc); mw:个[gè]

ˋ ˋ

用户

yòng hù

user

user; consumer; subscriber; customer

ˋ

但

dàn

but

but; yet; however; only; merely; still

ˉ ˋ

边际

biān jì

limit

limit; bound; boundary

ˋ ˋ

效用

xiào yòng

usefulness

usefulness; effectiveness

ˋ ˇ

递减

dì jiǎn

progressively decreasing

progressively decreasing; gradually falling; in descending order

ˇ

且

qiě

and

and; moreover; yet; for the time being; to be about to; both (... and...)

ˊ ˇ

成本

chéng běn

costs

costs; (eg manufacturing costs, production costs)

ˉ ˊ

高昂

gāo áng

with head held high

with head held high; in high spirits; elation