finance mandarin case study preview
Anti-Involvement: Qiushi Article Breaking China Competitive Gridlock (long)

ˋ ˇ ˋ

内卷式

nèi juǎn shì

involute

involute or spiral-like in Chinese, and it's a term used to describe a situation of intense, self-perpetuating competition within a limited system, often leading to diminishing returns and a lack of genuine progress. It's often used to describe situations where people or groups are engaged in a fierce, often pointless, competition for limited resources or opportunities, leading to increased effort but not necessarily better outcomes.

ˋ ˉ

竞争

jìng zhēng

to compete

to compete; competition

ˉ

将

jiāng

will

will; shall; to use; to take; to checkmate; just a short while ago; to desire; to invite; to request;

ˋ ˋ

各类

gè lèi

all categories

ˇ ˇ

主体

zhǔ tǐ

main part

main part; bulk; body; subject; agent

ˋ ˋ

禁锢

jìn gù

to confine

to confine; to imprison; prohibition; shackles; fetters

ˋ

在

zài

at

at; at; (located) at; (to be) in; to exist; in the middle of doing sth; (indicating an action in progress)

ˉ ˋ

低价

dī jià

low price

ˉ ˋ

低质

dī zhì

low quality

ˊ ˇ

没有

méi yǒu

haven'

haven't; hasn't; doesn't exist; ; to not have; to not be

ˋ ˋ

效益

xiào yì

benefit

的

de

of

of; ’s ; (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)

ˋ ˉ

竞争

jìng zhēng

to compete

to compete; competition

ˉ ˋ

中

zhōng (zhòng)

middle

middle; hit the mark; China; ; 1. China; Chinese; surname Zhong. 2. within; among; in; middle; centre; while (doing sth); during; (dialect) OK; all right. 3. to hit (the mark); to be hit by; to suffer; to win (a prize, a lottery)

ˉ ˋ

突破

tū pò

to break through

to break through; to make a breakthrough; to surmount or break the back of (a task etc); (of ball sports) to break through a defense

了

le

done

done; (completed action marker) ; (modal particle intensifying preceding clause);

ˋ ˇ ˋ ˉ

市场竞争

shì chǎng jìng zhēng

market competition

的

de

of

of; ’s ; (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)

ˉ ˋ

边界

biān jiè

boundary

boundary; border

ˊ

和

hé

and

and; and; together with; with; sum; union; peace; harmony; surname He; Japanese related; Taiwan pr. hàn

ˇ ˋ

底线

dǐ xiàn

bottom line

bottom line; to underline; base line (in sports); baseline; minimum; spy; plant;

ˇ ˋ

扰乱

rǎo luàn

to disturb

to disturb; to perturb; to harass

了

le

done

done; (completed action marker) ; (modal particle intensifying preceding clause);

ˋ ˇ ˋ ˋ

市场秩序

shì chǎng zhì xù

market order

market order ; (PRC Mainland & HK usage)

ˋ

任

rèn

to assign

to assign; to appoint; to take up a post; office; responsibility; to let; to allow; to give free rein to; no matter (how, what etc)

ˊ

其

qí

his

his; her; its; theirs; that; such; it (refers to sth preceding it);

ˉ ˇ

发展

fā zhǎn

development

development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand

ˉ

将

jiāng

will

will; shall; to use; to take; to checkmate; just a short while ago; to desire; to invite; to request;

ˊ ˋ ˊ ˊ

贻害无穷

yí hài wú qióng

to have disastrous consequences